The battery loses some ability to produce current in cold weather and the engine is more difficult to spin, thus winter will reveal weaknesses.
Then IMO, as long as the electrolyte didn't freeze and dislocate and break a plate lose, create a microshort or break the case, everything should be as it was once warmed back up.
One phenomenon that can happen to a wet cell sitting undisturbed for months is the electrolyte can stratify, meaning the specific gravity of the water will become non-uniform. Charging will create electrolyte circulation in that case, to correct the issue. A discharged battery will grow an insulating passivation sulfide layer on the plates, causing loss of capacity.