Valve body....
That piece is your valve body assembly. It covers both the pilot and main jets and is divided by a check valve. That small piece of plastic you see on it, which by the way, in picture #2, the side view, it looks like the check valve is shot.
That brass piece your pointing to is suppose to be there. It's a clean out plug. There are two paths the fuel takes when going through that plate. When at idle, the check valve is closed and fuel is only going through one path of the valve body. When you increase the throttle, the carb moves into transition and both the low speed and high speed jets are being supplied with fuel.......
I use brake parts cleaner (carb cleaner is to expensive) and that little straw to blow through the valve body, to make sure they are both clear. Take off the plastic check valve. It looks like you'll need to replace that one.:cheers: